Fast Food versus Homemade Food Essay

On the other hand, home-made food has less attraction than fast food. A reason for this is that home-made food needs lots of time until it gets ready. For instance, people should wait for several hours in order to have a ready home-made meal. Another reason is that home-made food is less convenient than fast food. For example, you may not find all the ingredients you need in one grocery, yet you have to look in several groceries until you find all the ingredients. Home-made food is much healthier than fast food, and therefore, people will enjoy eating their meals without thinking of health problems. In conclusion, both fast food and home-made food have significant divergence in preparation time, convenience and quality. Fast food might be better in saving time and being more convenient, while home-made food might be better in quality. I do believe that home-made food is much better than fast food, because people’s health is†¦ The questions by Dixit saab: 1. Chule Ki Roti is better or bread. 2. Fast Food is better or customs(regular ) food. , are most relevant in todays’s context. I prefer regular food but not fast food. Nutritious, hygenenic food is most important. Even in fast food if it is hygenic, nutritious it can be taken. Many a time we are forced to take fast food which is not so hygenic or nutritious ,because of the urgrncy , in place of the meals we take. The regular intake of fast foods in place of regular food is not suggestable which may kill apetite and person become weak. Inthe present day stressful jobs the person is consuming his physical, mental talents tocope with work schedules. Since body is also a machine we should give necessary inputs through food and required rest so that body functions smoothly. Occasional fast food is unaviodable. But one should take care of health by taking healthy food. Health is Wealth.

Consumer Behavior Case Study Analysis Essay

During overview of discussions on user behavior and buying decisions, cultural and economic empowerment decision-making, usually needs an evaluation of who will experience advantages or costs as a consequence of a specific decision. For main decisions, the evaluations can include a number of stakeholders – workers, investors, clients, loan providers, vendors and government departments, amongst other people. The more precise we can be about persons and groups which may experience advantages or costs from a specific decision, the more likely you will demonstrate that fair decisions will be made. User behavior is about the results of decisions on identifiable persons and groups. Here you will observe the way the cultural and economical effects of decisions on recognizable persons can alter with time. A short review which describes a few of the fundamental elements behind the objective of this analysis includes, but not restricted to the following: 1. Promote good causes of user behavior and buying variations. 2.Increase sensitivity to a better knowledge of variations. 3.Offer an atmosphere for searching how ideas, generalizations and presumptions regarding various buying decisions restrict efficiency and interactions. 4.Analyze and eliminate misconceptions regarding Apple ® and Hong Kong Disneyland ® marketing methods. Analysis and Assessments There’s a wish to keep a creative atmosphere which will encourage persons to reach their maximum potential. In 2 case studies, one with Apple ® and the other with the Disney world Organization, administration has got the duty to determine ways to enhance income by making careful and fair attempts to fix imbalances in areas which affect user behavior and buying decisions. The goals of both companies are to: generate an atmosphere which will lure the persons or groups to offer chances for efficiently buying the best product and service. Both companies are preoccupied with long-term expansion and operating efficiency; from all sections of the society; and to guarantee organization compliance with federal, state and regional laws, and relevant national rules outside of the U.S. These attributes are essential for an organization to keep a competitive advantage in the international market. It seems interesting to find out precisely what related problem needed handling the most – attempting to know ways of interacting among different groups. Varied groups stayed dedicated to each other, for example, Asians, Middle Easterner’s, Caucasians, Blacks, and Hispanics generally assist groups within their own nationality. To go to more efficient understandings one must analyze the connections and know the part of varied communication. The implications by not interacting groups lead to misunderstandings, avoidance, lack of less listening, mismanaged interactions, insufficient progress in developing relationships. â€Å"The latest version of Apple’s iPhone has usually been a powerful seller all over the world, except in Japan. Although some experts had predicted that Apple would sell a million pieces of its latest iPhone in Japan, modified estimations put the figure at more like 500,000 phones. Therefore what’s the issue? The cell phone uses the quicker 3G network and provides a touch monitor. And Apple iPods as well as computers are famous in Japan. Apple iPhone’s utilization of the 3G network isn’t a big deal in Japan, since 3G accessibility has been a standard feature on Japanese mobile phones for many years. And as far as the touch screen is involved, some Japanese users believe that they would have issues becoming accustomed to it. Probably the greatest obstacle facing Apple, however, is what the iPhone doesn’t have. Keep in mind, Japanese users enjoy a few of the world’s most technologically sophisticated mobile phone qualities, for example â€Å"a high-end color screen, digital TV-viewing ability, satellite navigation service, very good music player and digital camera.† One more â€Å"must have† function in Japan, lacking  in the iPhone, is â€Å"emoji,† that is clip art which can be included into sentences to create e-mails more appealing. Additionally, several cell phones in Japan let their consumers to use their mobile phones like debit cards or railway passes.† â€Å"Debate began brewing at Hong Kong Disneyland before the park opened up in autumn 2005. At Disney amusement parks all over the world, marriages and wedding receptions are a lucrative business. Disney is intending to deliver shark’s fin soup as an alternative on wedding party meals at Hong Kong Disneyland. Obviously, Disney desires to display its love for Chinese customs, and affirms that it’s not doing anything more than following regional standards-the meal is regarded a crucial part of a Chinese wedding celebration, and may cost at as much as $150 at the ideal eateries. But, ecological groups from all around the globe are up in arms on the possibility of Disney offering this soup that highlights a noticeable difference between Chinese and Western customs. Even though shark’s fin soup has been a Chinese favorite for 200 years, some ecological groups are worried that China’s growing prosperity has resulted in a larger desire for unusual varieties. For instance, Hong Kong authorities lately ceased a delivery of 1,800 freeze-dried penguins which were being smuggled into mainland China. A few animal supporters are scared that down the road complete varieties might be endangered.† Consumer Behavior and Why It Matters There’s an inspiration which is rooted in tradition, which impacts the way we obtain and gain. Persons are inspired based on the strength and wish either to buy things in relation to a typical or to flourish in competitive pricing scenarios. Most of an organization’s achievement depends upon many elements: personal and occupational experiences, product development, and the kind of company. Other elements can result in satisfaction, for example organization buying policies, marketing methods, cost elements, user requirements and interpersonal relationships. Finding good and legal rules of user behavior, can present practical factors  to building upon latest forums. There are many primary means of keeping and coping with user behavior problems that contain: what we pay attention to; the way we respond to other people; and becoming role models by way of teaching and coaching. The roles we perceive in user behavior should be practical in setting with our rules. In any tradition, thousands of things can be built and used to express several ideas. Most companies would have a hard time thriving internationally if existing tradition and values weren’t congruent with today’s varied culture. Understanding Diverse Cultural Barriers and Roles As analyzed in our text, the ability of sharing cultural power causes excitement and devotion in other people. Tapping into varied inspirations (i.e., Advertising agency BBDO’s (Chicago) recent â€Å"GenWorld Global Teen Study† revealed a substantial alternation in the world’s teens) and abilities in other people so as to pursue objectives helps us internationally. If we let us to build up and know many traditions, we can interact and make new cultural ideas. The composition of traditions has a number of features which help us build upon the underlying structure for marketing. Finding the moral and legal rules of traditions can offer practical factors to building upon latest forums. As also mentioned in our text: â€Å"It is usually hard for an organization intending to conduct business in overseas countries to carry out cross-cultural user research. For example, it is not easy within the Islamic countries of the Middle East to carry out Western-style consumer research. In Saudi Arabia, for example, it’s banned to stop people on the streets, and focus groups are not practical since most meetings of 4 or more people (except for family and spiritual meetings) are banned. American companies wishing to do business inside Russia have discovered a restricted amount of specifics of user and market data. Likewise, marketing research info on China is usually insufficient, and questionnaires which ask private questions arouse doubt. For that reason marketers have tried different ways to generate the information they require. For instance, Grey Advertising has provided cameras to Chinese kids so they can get photos of the items they like and don’t like, instead of ask them to describe it to an unknown person.  Additionally, AC Nielsen conducts focus groups in cafes and children’s playrooms instead of in meeting rooms; and Leo Burnett has posted researchers to China just to â€Å"hang out† with users.† There are many basic methods for keeping and modifying traditions which include: what we focus on; the way we respond to other people; and becoming role models by way of teaching and coaching. The roles we see in traditions should also be practical in establishing with value systems. We may motivate input about suitable values and practices for applying our traditions to promote products or services. Most companies would have a hard time thriving if existing tradition, traditions and values weren’t congruent with today’s varied culture. Choosing to reach for the varied market is not necessarily the ideal, but it’s best when we can examine techniques to offer variety in dealing with positive roles to boost businesses. Additionally, the increasing varied languages create difficulty in addition to variations in problem-solving styles and behavioral roles of persons. Language is a part of tradition, and yet it’s so varied. It is key to tradition as it is the way by which most language is learned and communicated. In any tradition, thousands of things may be built and used to express several ideas. The tensions between group and individual language interests may be highlighted through the free ride and sucker-effect ideas. Based on the person’s situation, persons use language and tradition so as to intimidate and change conditions. One example would be, when persons know and speak the English language when it’s easy and other times pretend they don’t know or speak it. Identifying Lessons Learned Apple ® and Hong Kong Disneyland ® marketing lessons developed around offering a standard which would not be rewarding along with a conventional idea which didn’t resonate all over the world. The tradition of numerous communities represents an intricate pattern of values and anticipations shared by many people all over the world. There are traditions described with shared ideas, ideologies, values, beliefs, presumptions, objectives, attitudes, and norms.  One must recognize the importance of varied traditions so as to know it, particularly where major values regarding the tradition are generally nice. Even though we might have common knowledge on particular norms, research depending on world views will assist us to build up new senses when we constantly convey them within traditional system. Several organizations show different ways of interaction and development at different levels, occasions and scenarios. Organizations for example Apple and Hong Kong Disney may move towards a balance when coping with other traditions. Nonetheless they might differ in personal traditions, which could vary from one atmosphere to another. Their attitudes and belief, might propose methods for knowing how everybody can personally relate. Modern society in general may benefit from good cultural differences, just like we do personally. For that reason, much may be discovered a person’s history by recognizing there are differences, knowing the social systems, and understanding that structure and development variables impact our activities in the manner we build upon personal customs. Conclusion America is usually regarded as the great meeting place in which people from any background can integrate into a single culture. This idealistic way of thinking isn’t relevant in the country these days. A more practical viewpoint is among cultural user behavior or multiculturalism. Varied user behavior and spending brings different sets of abilities and experience to the maximum and plays a role in the general progress and success of a company. Apple ® and Hong Kong Disneyland ® Corporations have to recognize, and several companies have, that user behavior adds to the bottom line by creating a status which helps lure fresh buyers. Companies need to see that User behavior administration can be viewed as a reaction to the need to recognize, value, and take advantage of various backgrounds. Different social groups have different ideals, styles, and people, who have a considerable impact on how they conduct business. Instead of penalizing or curbing the various administration styles as they do not  comply with conventional styles, companies must look to these differences as benefits. Not just does varied buying achieve exactly the same results like conventional styles, additionally, it may improve the company’s competitive standing in the business field. Additionally, it is crucial that administration be conscious of the significance of respecting user behavior.

Moravians Migration into the Lehigh Valley, Pennslyvannia Term Paper

Moravians Migration into the Lehigh Valley, Pennslyvannia - Term Paper Example The earliest history of Bethlehem is connected to Bishop David Nitschamann who builds a church, which began the Moravian settlement (Levering 24). He bought a land where the people were settled, and this was the fundamental for the development of the Bethlehem. It is here that he builds the cabin, which became the first structure in Bethlehem. Originally, they were thirteen settlers who first settled at Bethlehem. The book â€Å"A History of Bethlehem†, by Joseph Mortimer Bishop explains of the migration of the Moravian to Bethlehem. It explains the cause of migration, and the settlement of the people in the new land (Township News 7). The article â€Å"city of Bethlehem† in 2008, also explains the challenges the people faced in the migration, reasons for migration. It also speaks of the people settlement in their new land. Mortimer the author of the book â€Å"A History of Bethlehem,† sees Nitschmann as being fundamental in the migration of Moravian to Bethlehem . Nitschmann belonged to the ancient Brethrens church. He was born in Moravia at Zauchtenthal. It is said that he suffered persecution because of his faith, and he had to free his native land. He fled Moravia in1724, and on 1732, he was one of first missionaries in St. Thomas from Moravian (Levering 28). It is said that he spent the rest of his life-spreading gospel, he is said to have contributed to the development of many settlement across the world before his death in 1771. The rest of the missionaries had a different upbringing before they came together in their missionary works and were among the founders of Bethlehem. The article on the City of Bethlehem, also mentions the role played by the first missionaries in the settlement of people in Bethlehem and the consequent growth of the city. The article however, does not explain in details the cause of the migration, but focuses on the settlement of the people in the new land. It focuses on the integration of the Moravian in thei r new surroundings. Both articles explain the reasons behind the naming of the city. The city can be said to have grown as a religion center. The city was named as Bethlehem as a way of glorifying God. The aim of the city was to be the center of missionary operation in the region. It had the same goals as the gospel itself, reclaiming the wilderness. The foundation stone for the second building was laid by Bishop Nitschmann. This was key to the establishment of the town as the religious center. The growth of town immediately the people settled in the region is another factor that the article emphasizes. The building was a two-story house was vital in the establishment of the town. It remained the house for the clergymen for many years. The church expanded tremendously, and by 1743, the congregation comprised of peoples who were in the settlement in the region (Levering 52). The congregation also received the name â€Å"fishers†, in reference to the bible where Andrew and pete r were called the fishers of men. Bethlehem grew to be the center of the economy. The Moravian had successfully introduced the city in their first settlement, and the city followed their beliefs. Many of the white settlers and other and the native Americas joined the church. The article s also explains of how the people arrived in the Jerusalem. The earliest people arrived in this place as missionaries, but the subsequent groups came at Bethlehem because of their own individual reasons.

CORPORATE FINANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

CORPORATE FINANCE - Essay Example ssaro has also provided clear reasoning to the businesses as to why they should not be unsure or fear reinventing the business to cope with the market changes and the complete global financial crisis. Based on the responses that the author has provided, I completely agree with the author. The recommendations like understanding that review means a lot for companies especially in times of recession. As the author has discussed, the decision involves a number of people, and also involves quick and accurate decision been taken by the management of the firms. I completely agree with the recommendations that have been provided by the writer. Massaro has provided clear cut out issues, solutions and recommendations for companies. The recommendations that have been provided show a very positive possibility for the firms to be able to overcome the recession and continue to make profits. It is also seen that the author has taken care in ensuring that the steps are expressed in simple terms and is not too technical hence can be used by any industry and any business size. A stockholder dropped by my office the other day and brought up a very interesting and important question. She said that as a company grows, agency problems develop within the company. Of course I nodded knowingly. She asked how we were going to help reduce the agency issues at the top executive level. She left and I started to look up definitions. Do you have any way of helping me get her an answer? What do we do to reduce this agency problem thing? How do we measure the top executives, what other safeguards do we establish to make sure no one is harming the company or its stockholders? Agency problems are a common issue that is found in companies. This normally occurs when there is a conflict of interest between the creditors, management and also the shareholders. This is majorly due to differences in the goals. Having agency problems in a company can lead to increased costs that the company requires to

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy - Essay Example This improvement will be caused due to the increased employees’ professionalism and their motivation. Thus, TCCB customers will be satisfied with an excellent service. Customer’s satisfaction will lead to improved loan and deposit balances, and non-interest income. Also, satisfied customers will advertise TCCB to other people because of its excellent service and broad assortment of products (new loans, etc.). The 3rd chain: Customer’s satisfaction and retention will be also increased due to making thank you calls and providing cards to new and existing customers. Having TCCB cards customers will come again to the TCCB, thus will be increased customer’s retention. Finally, TCCB will improve its loan balances, deposit balances, and non-interest income. While evaluating the effectiveness of the balanced scorecard approach between two categories of branches A-E and F-J, it was obvious that the first category (A-E) demonstrated much better financial results than the second category (F-J). According to the data presented in Table 3, all branches that had applied the BSC except E, demonstrated financial increases in loan balance, deposit balance and non-interest balance. While the branches F-J also have demonstrated financial improvements for one year of performance, these improvements were hardly noticeable. In 2001, F branch demonstrated decrease ($1 mln) in deposit balance comparing with the previous financial year; performance of G branch in loan balance did not change for one year; and branch H have demonstrated decrease ($3 mln) in noninterest income (Albright, Davis, Hibbets 2001, p.59). The branches that applied BSC demonstrated only increases in loan balance, deposit balance and noninterest income; there were no decreases in terms of financial performance. While the financial improvements were performed by A-E

Financing and Real Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financing and Real Investment - Essay Example The Ryan family of UK started the business with 1 15-seater Bandeirante aircraft and 25 staffs. Within the span of less than 30 years, it has become the best low cost line service provider in entire European market. It is operating in the European market with 8,896 staffs, 272 Boeing 737-800 serving more than 73,553,580 passengers annually. It has achieved tremendous growth in terms of finance, passengers and market share. Its no-frill strategy for low cost has made it to achieve cost leadership in their entire Europe (RyanAir, â€Å"History of RyanAir†). Competitive Position of RyanAir With rapid growth of passengers and market share, it is become the leader of low cost airline industry. Its effective no-frill strategy for low cost leadership has brought a revolution in the market. It has been able to achieve the upper hand position in the market by offering lowest prices, by serving the largest coverage and by achieving the highest traffic growth. The following figure presen ts a comparison of low cost competitors in the European market. ... Financing and Real Investment Activities in RyanAir With the increasing market share and increasing volume of operational business, RyanAir requires a significant amount of aircraft and other assets including plant, property and equipment. As per the reported consolidated balance sheet of 2011, RyanAir has increased its net value of plant, equipment and property by â‚ ¬619.5 million. The consolidated cash flow of RyanAir has presented the â‚ ¬897.2 million outflow of cash in 2011 comparing to â‚ ¬997.8 millions in 2010. However, 2011, RyanAir has made lower investment comparing to the previous years but, management has decided to invest in the real assets with increasing market share (RyanAir-c, p.3-8). The financial activities of RyanAir also show a positive indication. The management has disclosed that within the last three years, RyanAir has returned â‚ ¬850 million to its shareholders but still its financial position is quite. In 2011, the net cash flow from financing activities has reduced in 2011 as it has repaid the long term borrowings of â‚ ¬280.7 million and also pain dividend to shareholders of â‚ ¬500.0 million. This is good indication for the shareholders as in spite of paying â‚ ¬500.0 million of dividends its retained earnings stood at â‚ ¬1,967.6 million. Besides, the company has also made investments in financial assets and derivatives in the previous years and in 2011, it holds the Derivative financial instruments of â‚ ¬23.9 million and Available for sale financial assets of â‚ ¬114.0 million (RyanAir-c, p.3-8). A5 Introduction In order to assess the financial condition of any organisation, the financial analysis techniques are quite necessary important. However, for the financial analysis techniques, certain skills are required which is

Brand Implementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Brand Implementation - Essay Example It is a process for constant and reliable application of the brand image among major of the leading business units, media and communication channels. However, it does not encompass the design and creation of brand identity. Industry Background and the Competitors EAT was founded in the year1996, with the determination of delivering best quality food, coffee and soup in London at rational price. Presently, more than 100 shops all over London are offering handmade food every day. According to the statistics of the year 2011, the organization is having market share of 76%. The CAGR is +27%. It mainly offers soups, sandwiches, pies, salads, wraps, sushi, desserts, cold drinks, juices, coffees etc. Mark &Spencer, Pret a manager, Costa, Starbucks are the main competitors of the company. The sales growth for the year 2011 is more than 13%, whereas the outlet volume growth is more than 11%. The founder of the company is Faith MacArthur and Niall MacArthur. According to them, EAT is a family owned organization dedicated to provide quality food. People of London can also get the home delivery option from the registered company website. Few simple steps will help to bring the food in home within a small period of time. Challenges and Opportunities In order to determine EAT’s challenges and opportunities, SWOT analysis can be framed below. The SWOT analysis will help EAT to make a better brand positioning for the company. This strategic framework will help to reveal EAT’s internal strengths, weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. SWOT Analysis Strengths The food quality is superior. Homemade fresh food used to offer every day by the organization. More than 100 shops are situated in London. The price of the food is also rational. The sales growth is more than 13%. The volume growth is 11%. They used to provide home delivery for every individual customer. The organization has become popular among the local customers. Market share is more than 76%. T he CAGR rate is also more than 27% Experience is more than 10 years. Weaknesses The outlets are only London based. CSR reports are not included. Lower range of products has failed to increase customer base. The space area is very limited within the outlets. New and menu sections in the company website are not accessible. Cost of production is very high. Relevant information is very nominal for the company. Inadequate packaging quality. Opportunities Expansion of business footprint across the country. Traditional food items can increase the brand awareness of people. Promoting food menu and price range in social media networks. Cost-effective business operation strategy may result profit maximization. The organization can introduce healthy food items as the demand for healthy foods is increasing. Need to tie-up with hospitals, trains and several domestic and international airways. Designing new logo and slogan. Online promotional activities will increase the brand awareness. Threats Big competitors like Sainsbury, Tesco, and Marks & Spenser’s will pose a big threat to the company. As it is a sensitive industry, the organization may face several legal barriers. Huge capital required in order to expand business. Economic downfall and low disposable income of people. People are tending to avoid outside foods due to the food safety factors. One unsatisfied

Report 5b Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report 5b - Research Paper Example It implies that if the same study is conduced 20 times then 19 times the results should be within the margin of error. Moreover, it suggests that if the study is conducted several times then the results could differ by +/- 5% of the original results. The participants will be selected by using convenience-sampling technique. The reason researchers have selected convenience sampling because of convenient accessibility and proximity to the researchers. The participants will be IU students who are aware of Scratchy Mommy products. The researchers will conduct focus group session to acquire their perceptions, experiences and views about the Scratchy Mommy products. The two-way focus group will be used that will provide a comparison of the prevailing perception within the group. There will be 12 people (10 females and 2 males) in total who will be sub-categorized into two groups (5 females and 1 male). The reason to choose male participant as a part of focus group is that males also purchase beauty care products for them or their

Rights of Women and Children Essay Example for Free

Rights of Women and Children Essay Around the world, women and children aren’t able to have the same basic rights as men. Unfortunately, the problem of inequality is broader. Inequality is often extreme against women and is part of their daily lives. Inequality is often justified by men as part of their culture or religion. Women and children face brutal situations each day. Harsh acts like child labor, slavery, forced marriage, and prostitution are suffered by millions. Child labor is full-time employment of children who are under the minimum legal age. Throughout the world, an estimated number of 218 million children were working in 2006. Children are bought and sold, forced into prostitution or work without getting paid any money. Besides these acts, children aren’t able to receive a good education. Women are also bought and sold as slaves, for labor and for sex trade. Not only are women banned from attending school, but women are denied the right to vote. Unfortunately, in some countries, women can be beaten or abused by their husbands legally. As Shirn Ebadi, a human activist said, â€Å"Not only is a woman a citizen, but she is also a mother who nurtures future generations. In my opinion, the conditions toward women around the world are prejudicial, but in certain places, they are worse than others. Success for women is when prejudice is removed everywhere in the world. † The problem of unequal rights of women and children needs more global attention because women and children are suffering. The golden rule in the bible teaches us that it is important to treat everyone the way you would want to be treated. Being bought and sold, forced into prostitution, working without getting paid any money, banned from attending school, being Dunham 2 enied the right to vote, or even getting beaten or abused by your spouse is not the way anyone would want to be treated. Women and children rights should be equal to the rights of men. Some stakeholders are Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and PeaceJam. These stakeholders are all working to stop unequal rights of women and children. They work to protect the human rights of people around the world. This problem is unresolved because some families make their children work because they need the money. As child laborers get older and become adults, they are usually working for a job that doesn’t pay very much money. As a result, their children will also be made to work to supply more money for their family. This shows that poverty and child labor is passed down from generation to generation. Developing countries are countries that are still developing and aren’t fully developed yet. Developing countries are very poor compared to first world nations and developed countries. The distribution and conditions of child labor vary from region to region. World Bank household or living standard surveys show that children, in some countries, help their families get more money. In Ghana, children supply one-third of household earnings for their family. Children supply one-fourth of the earnings for their families in Pakistan. In these families, children are always working and are not attending school. Some families are very dependent on their children to get money. Women in developing countries are lagging far behind men. Enrolment rates for education are only a third of those in Sub-Saha ­ran Africa. In other developing countries, women have fewer job opportunities. The employment rates of women are an average of only fifty Dunham 3 percent those of men. In South Asia it is twenty-nine percent and in Arab States it is only sixteen percent. Women also tend to work much longer hours than men. Developed countries are countries that are fully developed. Developed countries are also affected by the problem of unequal rights. But these acts occur less than they do in developing countries. For example, child labor, prostitution, and other horrible acts occur in developed countries too. They might not be as horrible as they are in less developed countries because fully developed countries have better securities to stop the acts. But in most countries the economy is bad and it is getting harder to earn money or even have a job. This leads to families feeling like they have no other choice but to become a prostitute, or make their child work. The United Nations is working to stop the problem of unequal rights on women and children. UN-WOMEN (United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women) works to support gender equality across a lot of issues related to human rights and human development. UNICEF (United Nations  International Childrens Emergency Fund) works to help build a world where the rights of every child are realized. Both organizations travel the world helping women and children. UNICEF helps by feeding children, giving children vaccinations, giving them an education, protect children from violence and other helpful acts. UN Women works with the government and non-governmental partners to help them get new policies, laws, services and resources to move towards equality. Bosnia is a developing country which means it is not fully developed yet. In 2007, The United Nation’s Development Program reported that twenty percent of the population lives below the poverty line which is one dollar and twenty five cents in U. S. dollars per one day of Dunham 4 work. Thirty percent of the population lives just above it. This shows that Bosnia is a very poor country. Bosnia became a country with a lot of horrific violence. In particular, rape and sexual violence of Bosnian women during the course of the war has continued to occur today. This also means child labor, prostitution, forced marriage, and slavery still occur today. One developing country is Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is one of two countries in the world where women cannot vote in any elections. All females must have a male guardian, typically a father or husband. Women of all ages are forbidden from traveling, studying, or working without permission from their male guardians. Also in Saudi Arabia, Only 85% of children attend school. Unfortunately, child abuse is fairly common in Saudi Arabia. About 70 cases are reported annually and many are ignored. One developed country is Germany. In Germany, one in every six children lives in poverty. 50,000 victims of violence and 20,000 sexual abuses are recorded in Germany. Most of the time, these abuses are carried out by their parents. UNICEF believes 2 children die every week as a result of violence. The United Nations has done a lot to improve the inequality of women and children in the world. One suggestion that I think would improve women and children’s rights in Bosnia is to make the penalty of prostitution, child labor, slavery, forced marriage, and more acts more severe. This would work because people would stop knowing the consequences are higher.

Ant 101 Australian Aboriginals Essay Example for Free

Ant 101 Australian Aboriginals Essay The Australian Aborigines are a nomadic band of people that roam the outback of Australia. They walk for miles a day, rest at night, and then walk some more the next day. The men kill the animals of Australia for food and the women gather what roots and berries that they can find. They travel from place to place according to the seasons. They go where the food is. The Aborigines know that they cannot control the weather or the condition of the land so they learn to live with it. They believe that all plants and animals contain a spirit. They treat nature with respect knowing that the land will provide what they need for their survival. They are a kinship band that has many families. They use the method of general reciprocity to survive. What one male of one family kills for food, they share with the other families in the band, expecting nothing in return. They also use the balanced reciprocity. When they meet other bands they will trade left over food or other items for something of equal value. There are small markets where they can take their belongings and trade for things that they need. The Aborigines believe in the cross-cousins marriage. They marry within the family. Cross-cousins are the children of the opposite-sex siblings. They marry their uncle’s or their aunt’s children. The male will usually move in with his new wife’s family and help to furnish food and other things that they need. Divorce is very easy among the bands because there is no property to divide. It is usually the woman who initiates the divorce. When she gets tired of her mate, or decides that she want Aborigines 4another mate, she leaves him. When a couple no longer sleeps together, then they are considered divorced. When a couple divorces it usually does not affect the family ties. If the woman is breastfeeding then the baby goes with her. The children that are old enough can choose which parent they want to live with. Since they are all in the same family, custody is shared. The men are considered the hunters of the band and the women are the gatherers. The women are the ones who control the population. Because of their constant roaming, their children must be at least 4 years apart. Breastfeeding is a natural form of birth spacing. While a woman is breastfeeding she produces a hormone that stops ovulation and they cannot get pregnant. They cannot carry more than one baby at a time so their other children must be old enough to walk. It is not unusual for a woman to kill or leave a newborn behind to die because of deformity or starvation. They will mostly kill the female and try to keep the male. A Shaman is a healer among the people. They can be male or female, depending on the cultural rules. In some cultures, shamans use their power to cause rather than heal illness. Shamans who make people sick are sometimes said to be using sorcery. Among one Aboriginal community, bad feelings can be caused between groups if it is believed that sorcery has caused someone to die. Religion among the Aborigines is more spiritual. They believe that every living thing has a spirit. Also that a certain totem gave birth to their ancestors in a mythical time and that it holds their spirits. They also believe that the totem controls their health and wellbeing. Their belief is so strong that they will have certain rituals to make sure that the totem is taken care of. Aborigines 5 They believe that Dreamtime is the time that the earth was created. It is what the aborigines live by. Dreamtime has different meanings. They are the source of all spirits, the moral order, ancestral beings and the period of creation. It can all so mean a totem’s spirit. And a certain lay of the land. They believe that their ancestors put certain spirits on the earth during Dreamtime. Also that their ancestors still exist in Dreamtime and they can be used to bridge the natural world with the spiritual world. They believe that the ancestors walked the earth during Dreamtime and marked the territories for all the bands. They also created singlines. They are songs that describe certain mountains and lays of the land so that the bands know what to look for and which way to go in their travels. The Aborigines are adapting to the modern world. They are working with the organizations that are helping them to get ownership of their territories, using dreamtime and songline to point out their boundaries. Aborigines6 Conclusion The Aborigines are a resourceful group of people that get along with nature and know how to survive in the wild. I believe that they will be here for a long time. Aborigines7 Resources Barbara Nowak and Peter Laird/ Cultural Anthropology/ Chapters 3 and 4/ Ashford Libraries.

Public Health Reflection on Care

Public Health Reflection on Care Title: Reflect upon an incident which occurred during your clinical placement as a student Public Health Nurse. The chosen incident is one where you met an elderly client with a leg ulcer who was not complying with the treatment prescribed from hospital. This essay is a reflective consideration of a case that had been encountered in clinical practice. For the purposes of illustrative discussion, I shall use the Gibbs model of reflection as a guide. (Gibbs, G 1988) Description: describe in c.400 words the experience. Client fell at home and fractured lower ankle. He neglected this and developed ulcer. He attended GP and completed 2 courses of antibiotics: referred to leg ulcer clinic in local hospital; diagnosis was ulcer with mixed arterial / venous disease. The client concerned will be anonymised and referred to as Mr.S in accordance with the NMC guidelines (NMC 2004). Mr.S is a 68 yr old man who lives alone having been widowed for 12 years. He is normally self caring but has been getting progressively more frail as time goes by. He fell at home and fractured his lower tibia. There was a suspicion that he has been drinking rather more than might be considered good for him and it is possible that this fall was after a bout of drinking. (Nicol M et al. 2004). Being generally very stoical, he initially ignored this but was forced to seek medical advice when the pain got too great. The fracture was treated with a plaster cylinder after reduction of the fracture but he subsequently developed a leg ulcer from direct pressure and friction from the cylinder which eventually attained a size of about 10 15 cms across and, despite being referred to the leg ulcer clinic and having regular visits from the community nurse who applied Aquacell AG , it refused to heal. (Harding K G et al. 2002) It was subsequently discovered that after the nurses had been to clean and dress the leg, Mr.S would take the dressings off and put iodine onto the wound which produced a marked allergic reaction. When challenged about this he said that he â€Å"didn’t hold with these newfangled ideas† and that he wanted to use a remedy that his grandmother had used with great success when she had developed a leg ulcer. Initially there was an impasse with the nurses wanting to use the dressings that had been prescribed by the hospital and Mr.S, although allowing them to be out on, would promptly disturb them and put the iodine directly onto the wound. The community nurses were asked to persist with the dressing regime and after a few weeks it became clear that the leg ulcer was making no progress at all. It was not healing, it was permanently infected and persistently sore with inflamed and macerated wound edges. (Donnelly A et al. 2000). There was considerable discussion in the primary healthcare team relating to Mr.S’s right to autonomy (Seedhouse D 1998) and whether it was right or not to continue to commit large amounts of resources to a clinical situation that was not only not healing but was actually being actively undermined and made worse by the patient. (Thomas J E et al. 1990). To an extent, it is not ethical to insist on, or to impose a treatment which the patient is (by word or action) objecting to. It is difficult to justify a course of therapeutic action, which may have the strongest of evidence bases, if the patient does not want it. (Hunt T 1994) The situation was compounded by the fact that Mr.S was not an easy patient to deal with as, since his wife died, he had become progressively more reclusive and he was clearly uneasy with other people coming into his house. The current course of treatment was clearly not successful and therefore a completely different approach needed to be tried. Feelings: how did client/you/others feel in this situation? How did you know this? The student was annoyed that the client was not complying with treatment and she knew the treatment he was applying was outdated and potentially harmful. Student is accountable to An Bord Altranais for their practice and must refer to evidence based practice. Student observed how the treatment applied by client had its place in the past and PHN made family aware that new dressings have silver content which has greatly improved results. Empowerment and advocacy were adopted. I found my feelings ran through an evolution of emotions and that the initial set of feelings were of annoyance, frustration and irritation that Mr.S could not see that the healthcare professionals were trying to help him. I initially saw him as a rude and aggressive gentleman who clearly did not want â€Å"interference† from the nurses and was content to live in comparative squalor. His persistence of the use of the iodine seemed to me to be mainly due to sheer perversity rather than any rational reasoning. (Osterberg L et al. 2005) I know that my original exchanges with him were very terse and aggressive, as I could not understand why he was persisting in using something which had no substantive evidence base and was clearly making the situation worse. My feelings changed to being less overtly annoyed as I came to realise that Mr.S was actually trying to use something that he had seen his grandmother use to heal her own leg ulcer and that there was a degree of reason beneath his obstinacy. My mentor took a different view and explained that empowerment and education (Howe J et al. 2003) was the way to achieve success with Mr.S and I watched as she firstly gained his confidence and then explained the reasoning behind the new Aquacell AG, she also explained that the iodine, far from helping healing was, in his particular case, preventing the leg ulcer from healing and that his situation was quite different from the situation of his grandmother‘s ulcer. (Miller, A. 1995). After about three sessions, it was noted that Mr.S had stopped interfering with the dressings and that the iodine was no longer being applied. As a result, the wound started to heal. As soon as he saw this, Mr.S became much more content to allow the nurses to continue with their work and actually became almost welcoming. (Faden, R R et al. 1986). At this stage, I found that my feelings changed to actually liking Mr.S and looking forward to each meeting. I also developed a great deal of respect for m y mentor and the other important realisation was a feeling of annoyance towards myself at my own initial inability to realise the motivation behind Mr.S’s actions. (Schon, D. 1997) Evaluation: what was good and bad about the situation? Mentor was able to develop relationship of trust with client. The bad elements of the situation was that the concept of empowerment and education (Howe J et al. 2003), was not embraced earlier in the treatment programme and that each treatment application was simply met by the acceptance that Mr.S was interfering with the dressings. There was the additional possibility that Mr.S was drinking more than was good for him and this element of the situation was overlooked with the prime focus being on the leg ulcer rather than making a holistic assessment of the whole situation. Equally bad was my inexperience-based lack of insight into the situation. On the good side, the fact that the mentor was able to â€Å"stand back† from the situation and make a dispassionate and empathetic assessment of the situation, construct an appropriate managements plan and then persuade Mr.S to comply with it to achieve a good clinical outcome, was a very positive step and a testament to the clinical experience of the mentor. Analysis: what sense can you make of the situation? what knowledge did or should have informed you? how does this connect with previous experiences? Reflection is necessary to enlighten a clinical situation. Element of compromise needed. Client centred approach required. Student PHN had experience of working as Community General Nurse. She found observing how the mentor dealt with the situation very enlightening. Discussion with clients family was beneficial. Analysis of the situation shows the potential gulf between the pursuit of evidence based medicine and the practical difficulties in actually applying it. It is all very well knowing that Aquacell AG releases ionic silver into the wound in a delayed and controlled release manner as the wound exudate is absorbed, thereby releasing more silver in the most contaminated wounds. ( Bowler P G, 2003). The fact that the dressing formulation itself is thought to protect the periwound skin and thereby aid in granulation formation is of theoretical importance. In cases of leg ulceration, the fact that the dressing conforms easily to the surface of the wound helps with occlusion and thereby maintains a moist healing environment (Jude E B et al. 2007) is clearly a substantial contribution to the evidence base in this area. The fact that dressing exerts a demonstrable antimicrobial activity for up to 7 days reduces the need for frequent dressing changes and therefore frequent wound disturbance (Jude E B et al. 2007) is of practical and clinical importance, but none of these factors are of any use at all if the patient does not understand or is willing to comply with the clinical therapeutic regime. In essence, this case illustrates the gulf between the knowledge that is assimilated in an isolated academic situation and the knowledge that is derived from experience in clinical situations. (Van Manen, M. 2007). It was my reflection on the situation that allowed me to appreciate the true value of my mentor’s experience and handling of the situation which was the critical factor in persuading Mr.S to understand both his predicament and the rationale behind the treatment that was being offered and this was the key to his eventual understanding and compliance. (Marinker M. 1997). It was clear that simply persisting with the situation was not going to achieve the desired effect and that a degree of compromise was needed. That compromise was achieved by viewing the situation from the patient’s viewpoint and then tailoring the clinical approach to an empathetic understanding of that perspective. In other words a client centred approach. (Platt, F W et al. 1999). The point about Mr.S’s drinking was no longer overlooked and discussions with his extended family confirmed the clinical suspicion. Pressure was exerted by the family to reduce the opportunities for his drinking and they increased the degree of social interaction (reduced his social isolation) which also had a beneficial effect (Wilkerson, S. A et al. 1996) Conclusion: how do you now feel about this experience? what else could you have done? has this changed my ways of knowing? I can say with confidence that reflection on this whole episode was a major learning experience for me. Not only did I witness and important lesson in patient management, but I was able to reflect on the evolution of my emotional approach to the situation. It showed me how my initial aggression and annoyance was not only completely misplaced, but that it was also completely counterproductive. As a conclusion, I have seen just how important it is to stand back from a difficult or deteriorating situation and make a completely dispassionate and holistic assessment of the patient and his clinical situation before trying to construct an appropriate management plan. A further conclusion must be that there is very little merit in simply knowing the evidence base surrounding a particular course of treatment if one lacks the experience or humanity to actually effectively put it into action. (Fawcett J 2005) Action Plan: if this arose again, what would you do differently? As I have already mentioned in the conclusion, it is because this episode was a major learning experience for me that I can say with confidence that, if a similar situation arose again, I would deal with it in a completely different way to the way which I handled this episode. I would not initially approach Mr.S with a feeling of aggression and annoyance as it proved not only to be counterproductive but it was also a barrier to my standing back and reviewing the situation. If Mr.S was clearly not complying with the treatment I would ask myself (and the patient) what were the reasons why compliance was a problem. Having ascertained the reasons, I would then construct an appropriate treatment or management plan which directly addressed this reason and contained a mechanism for directly confronting it. Empowerment and education have been demonstrated to me as very powerful tools in the quest for patient compliance and concordance. I would actively use these concepts to try to maximise t he effectiveness of the treatment and also to enhance the overall patient experience. (Hewison, A. 2004) References Bowler P G, 2003. Progression towards Healing: wound infection and the role of an advanced silver-containing dressing. Ostomy Wound Management 49 : (8) Suppl. 2 5 Donnelly A, Alistair M Emslie-Smith, Iain D Gardner, and Andrew D Morris (2000) ABC of arterial and venous disease : Vascular complications of diabetes BMJ, Apr 2000; 320 : 1062 1066. Faden, R R, Beauchamp, T L. (1986) A History and Theory of Informed Consent Oxford University Press New York. 1986 Fawcett J (2005) Contemporary Nursing Knowledge: Analysis and Evaluation of Nursing Models and Theories, 2nd Edition. Boston: Davis Co 2005 ISBN : 0-8036 1194 3 Gibbs, G (1988) Learning by doing: A guide to Teaching and Learning methods. EMU Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. 1988 Harding K G, Morris H L, Patel G K. (2002) Healing chronic wounds. BMJ 2002; 324 : 160 163 Hewison, A. (2004) Management for Nurses and Health Professionals : Theory into practice. Blackwell Science: Oxford. 2004 Howe J, Anderson M (2003) Involving patients in medical education. BMJ, Aug 2003 ; 327 : 326 328. Hunt T (1994) Ethical issues in Nursing. London : Routledge 1994 Jude E B, Apelqvist J, Spraul M, Martini J. (2007) Prospective randomised controlled study of Hydrofiber dressing containing ionic silver or calcium alginate dressings in non-ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers. Diabet Med. 2007; 24 : 280 288. Marinker M.(1997) From compliance to concordance: achieving shared goals in medicine taking. BMJ 1997; 314 : 747 – 8. Miller, A. (1995) The Relationship between Nursing Theory and Nursing Practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing 10, 417 424. Nicol M, Carol Bavin, Shelagh Bedford-Turner Patricia Cronin, Karen Rawlings-Anderson (2004) â€Å"Essential Nursing Skills† 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, Mosby 2004 NMC (2004) Nurse Midwifery Council: Code of professional conduct: Standards for conduct, performance and Ethics (2004) London : Chatto Windus 2004 Osterberg L, Blaschke T (2005): Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med353 : 487 – 497, 2005 Platt, F W Gordon G H (1999) Field Guide to the Difficult Patient Interview 1999 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp 250 ISBN 0 7817 2044 3 London: Macmillian Press 1999 Schon, D. (1997) Educating the Reflective Practitioner. Jossey Bass, San Francisco. 1997 Seedhouse D (1998) Ethics; the heart of health care. London, John Wiley Sons 1998 Thomas J E Waulchow W J (1990) Well and Good : Case Studies in Biomedical ethics. Broadview Press 1990 Van Manen, M. (2007) Linking Ways of Knowing with Ways of being Practical. Curriculum Inquiry 6 (3), 205 228. Wilkerson, S. A., Loveland-Cherry, C. J. (1996). Johnson’s behavioral system model. In J. J. Fitzpatrick A.L. Whall (Eds.), Conceptual models of nursing: Analysis and application (3rd ed., pp. 89-109). Stamford, CT : Appleton Lange. 1996

William Shakespeares Richard III Essay -- William Shakespeare Richard

William Shakespeare's Richard III William Shakespeare’s characterization of Britain’s historical monarch Richard III, formerly Duke of Gloucester, is one of the most controversial in literature. To this day there are arguments upholding Richard III’s villainy and ascertaining his murder of the Princes in the tower, just as there are those who believe that he has been falsely represented by Shakespeare’s play and fight avidly to clear his name of any and all crimes. Because of the uncertainty surrounding his true character, Richard III is an intriguing personality to put into modern culture, which is exactly what Ian McKellen does in his rendition of the infamous ruler. However, McKellen’s portrayal of Richard III preserves the basic personality of Shakespeare’s character and continues the idea of Richard III as tyrant and murderer; there is no doubt that McKellen captures the bestial nature of Richard, but even though this main staple of the play is kept intact, there are oth er aspects of this adaptation that are not so true to Shakespeare’s vision. Overall, however, I believe that this is an honest modernization of a classic play, and that Shakespeare would have approved of most of the changes made, with only a few exceptions. The film adaptation of Richard III was relatively straight forward, and certain scenes were more clear on the screen than on the page, but there were several confusing episodes that detracted from an otherwise good rendition of Richard III. Without having read the book first, I feel that a viewer would have been totally lost during the opening scenes of destruction because there are no names given until ten minutes into the film, and even those are dropped rather casually. Because I have read... ... written play there is no such direction to let the audience know that Anne may not be aware of his full intentions or desires. It is entirely possible that when this play was performed in Shakespeare’s time this is exactly how the actor spoke his lines, but it is not clear one way or the other from the printed page. All in all, the film version of Richard III might be even more terrifying and brutal than the print version, because modern audiences will probably connect more with a visual image of atrocity rather than a purely written one. I believe that this is the power of Shakespeare’s work– it is powerful on paper, but still more powerful in performance. It is performance that lends his work its full potential, and as such the film of Richard III is true to the core argument of Shakespeare’s original text, illustrating the inner beast found in the soul of a man.

The Three Branches of the U.S. Federal Government Essay -- United Stat

The Three Branches of the Federal Government There are three branches of the federal government, the executive, the judicial, and the legislative. The executive branch consists of such people as the president, the cabinet, and the executive offices of the president. The executive branch is known for enforcing laws created by the legislative branch. The judicial branch entails the United States Supreme Court and the Federal Judiciary. The judicial branch must review the laws the executive branch is to enforce. There is also the legislative branch. This branch contains the United States House of Representatives, the United States Senate, and the Library of Congress. Laws are created through the legislative branch. The basic idea between the creation of the three branches is based upon â€Å"checks and balances.† No branch should become so powerful that it over-takes either of the other branches. This also brings out the point that neither one of these branches, nor any person holding office in one of them, can exercise power belonging to either of the others. The legislative branch creates the laws, the judicial branch reviews the law, and then the executive branch enforces the laws. All three branches are interrelated, each branch overlaps but serves separate purposes. The main powers of the executive branch rest with the President of the United States of America. Powers granted to him by the constitution include serving as commander in chief of the armed forces; negotiating treaties; appointing federal judges, ambassadors, and cabinet officials; and acting as head of state. The president also has a cabinet which includes officials such as the attorney general and the secretaries of State, Treasury, Defense, Interior, Agricu... ...ve. The legislative branch deals with the people, not directly, but in similar terms. The judicial branch could be considered the most democratic because the judicial branch is set-up to protect the people and their rights. While the legislative branch speaks for the people, the judicial branch protects the people. The executive branch does a combination of both the judicial branch and the legislative branch; however, it doesn’t focus solely on one power or the other. The executive branch works for the people, at the same time protecting the people. The executive branch has the power to veto bills and laws passed by the Congress, and the executive branch sees the laws through. All the branches, however democratic, are set-up for the people and to carry out the public’s will. If any of the branches were unable to do so, the system would not have survived 200 years.

Gender and Family Essay

Gender and family affect minors and their delinquency in many different ways. Both are factors that begin in the early learning stages in a minors life and continue on into adulthood. With gender, the difference between males and females is the socialization, cognition and behavioral development. Much like family, the gender aspect of delinquency will begin to take hold in the early learning stages of life. But, with family, the members of the family, the accepted behavior in the family, and the way a child is raised is all going to affect the minor and their delinquency. Although, gender and family can begin affecting a child early on in life, how they learn, and in which capacity they learn behavior, is what will play the biggest role in their delinquency. There are many roles that factor into the gender differences between males and females and their ability or capacity to become delinquent. Socialization, personality, and cognitive development is different in regards to males and females. For instance; socially, females are more likely to sustain relationships, and be non-aggressive, whereas, a male is independent, aggressive and may show anger more than females. (Siegel, Welsh, 2005) In regards to delinquency, females are more likely to offend in an non-aggressive manner like running away, and dodging school. Whereas, a male is more likely to be involved in aggressive crimes like assaults, or murders. A female involved in delinquent behaviors may be deemed as one who has psychological issues like mood disorders, or schizophrenia. (Siegel, Welsh, 2005) Unlike the male who commits the same status offenses and may not be considered delinquent at all. The reason being is that girls are held to a different standard than what males are. They are also widely affected by experiences in life and, females are more likely to have been a victim of abuse of some sort. Those type of experiences are handled differently between a males and a  females. Not only do they handle the situations differently mentally, but the families and who they are raised by will react differently as well. Which is where the gender and family aspects of delinquency connect. The family of a child (whether they are male or female) plays a life-long impacting role on the life of that child. The arrangement or variety of family members, the behaviors that are deemed acceptable, as well as, the environment for which a child is raised is all how the family affects the child. In the United States today, most children live in a single parent home, while also, dealing with a frequent number of family disruptions. (Siegel, Welsh, 2005) The family members present in a child’s life can affect the minor tremendously. Especially because, most single family homes consist of mothers and their children. These children need positive male role models as well as a mother who does not work 3 jobs 6 days a week. Whether the family has always been a single parent family, or if it became that, it will affect the delinquency in a minor. The need for a â€Å"reliable source of emotional and economic support† (Siegel, Welsh, 2005) is incredibly important for childre n and will affect them not only as a minor but as an adult too. The family and how the household is ran affects the delinquency of a minor tremendously. Without the proper guidance, love and support children will always run astray. Children need that dependency and discipline in their lives. Some children may also live in psychically, mentally, or sexually abuse homes, all of which produces delinquent behaviors. The family factor can remain the same, escalate or even deescalate dependent upon the child’s life and surroundings over an extended period of time. Members of the juvenile justice system view males and females differently, there is no doubt about it. When dealing with females it is more common to see underlying factors such as abuse, or psychological disorders as reasons towards the delinquent behaviors. Whereas, with  males there generally is not any underlying factors (there are specially circumstances) but more or less, delinquent acts being committed as a test of their adulthood or manhood. But, according to Siegel, and Welsh in the book Juvenile delinquency: The core, female offenders are categorized into two groups: â€Å"girls who momentarily stray from the â€Å"good girl† path and are therefore deserving of solicitous, humanitarian treatment, and dangerously  wayward girls who have serious problems and must therefore be kept under strict control lest they stray further.† The different treatment is aimed more at females than males, mostly because females are viewed to be different than males. There is a certain level of maturity that a (juvenile) female is expected to meet regardless if they know it or not. Unfortunately in regards to the law, no it is not fair. Males should be held up to the same expectations that a female is. Although, punishments could definitely be different between male and female juveniles, the description of delinquency should not be different because of gender. Unfortunately there is benefits to being a minor female in the eyes of the juvenile justice system and society, and yet there is not. A female may be deemed a delinquent for minor criminal activities whereas a male would be looked upon as one who is â€Å"just being a boy†. While also a female can be given a break faster than a male considering their home life and mental issues. Its a double standard really. Because, family and gender plays such large parts in the delinquency of a minor, it is safe to say that it should be considered whenever a minor is entered into the juvenile justice system. Social, cognitive, and behavioral development as well as family life, the members of family, and how a child is raised all go hand in hand in regards to a minor becoming a delinquent. That goes for both males and females. There really is no sure way to ensure a minor does not become delinquent. Only steps that can be taken to avoid it from happening. These steps begin in the very early stages of development and continue to be taken throughout the child’s entire life. Positive role models, a good home life, and as much time as possible with the parent’s can all help the process along into the right direction. References Siegel, L. J., Welsh, B. C., 2005, Juvenile Delinquency: The core, Chapter 6 Gender and Delinquency file:///C:/Users/Guest/Downloads/cjs240_week3_reading2.pdf Siegel, L. J., Welsh, B, C., 2005, Juvenile Delinquency: The core, Chapter 7 The Family and Delinquency file:///C:/Users/Guest/Downloads/cjs240_week3_reading3.pdf

Basic Outline For 2006 Customer Update Email

Happy New Year from PrivateResults. com! Over the past year, we have listened to valuable feedback from important customers like you. As a valued customer we would like to inform you of all the exciting new changes that have been implemented for 2006 and invite you to visit PrivateResults. com to experience our new additions to our website.As an added incentive, you’ll have the opportunity to enter a monthly drawing for $1,000 by simply completing a 2-minute survey at the end of your visit.Please be sure to unsubscribe from these updates below if you no longer wish to receive them. New Site Design Our new website incorporates a new style and feel that is easy to find, navigate and purchase your products. A wealth of new company and product information as well as an improved checkout process makes PrivateResults. com an industry leader. New Products PrivateResults. com is proud to introduce a host of new home health testing products to meet your needs.These new FDA approved pro ducts include revolutionary tests for personal allergies, home allergens, Hepatitis C, HIV, Liver, and Kidneys. New Lower Prices As a result of PrivateResults. com continued success and growth, we have been able to purchase our products in much larger quantities and we pass those savings directly to our customers! Free Shipping PrivateResults. com now offers free Priority Shipping (2-3 day delivery) a $6. 99 value with the purchase of any two tests. 100% Money Back Guarantee PrivateResults.com is so confident you will receive a superior shopping experience. We are the only website in the industry to offer a no-hassle 100% Money Back Guarantee, including shipping charges! Not satisfied with your purchase? Simply contact our Customer Service Department for a quick resolution. New Multiple Ordering Methods Don’t like to give your credit card over the Internet? PrivateResults. com has responded to your needs. We now offer the ability to order securely online, with fraud protectio n, over the telephone, by fax, or mail.You can mail a check or money order with your order form! Pay with Pay Pal Pay Pal, the trusted leader in online payments, enables buyers and businesses to send and receive money online. Pay Pal has over 86. 6 million member accounts in 56 countries and regions. It's accepted by merchants everywhere, and is now accepted by PrivateResults. com. Pay Pal helps protect your credit card information with industry-leading security and fraud prevention systems. When you use Pay Pal, your financial information is never shared with anyone but PrivateResults.com. Pay Pal gives you the ability to pay virtually with any credit card, an electronic check, or a transfer right from your bank account. Affiliate Program Would you like to partner with the industry leader in the revolution in healthcare? You can! PrivateResults. com is proud to introduce its new affiliate marketing program where you can earn a commission of 10% on every sale from customers you send to the website. Just click on the Affiliate Program link at the bottom of our page for more information.

Childhood story

The day started as a usual Saturday does when your eight years old, up at nine o'clock ready and raring to go for another exciting weekend full of promise. Jumping up and out of bed, pulling on my clothes and running straight downstairs forgetting about the more important things such as cleaning my teeth and getting a wash. I burst into my front room, turning the television on I walked into the kitchen. Grabbing my favourite bowl I poured in a generous helping of weetos, topping the bowl up with milk I re-entered the front room. Of course on the television were the same old children's cartoons that in wasted hours of my youthful life watching. Finishing off the cereal I just dumped my empty bowl on the nearest table. Sitting myself back down I heard my mum shouting my name from upstairs. I hurriedly went back up stairs to see what she was so desperate to talk to me about. Approaching her bedroom door I heard my sister wake up with a yawn. Today was her tenth birthday, it was quite unusual for her not be up before me especially on what I classed as the second most important day of the year! Of course the most important was Christmas! I entered my mums room, peering round the corner of her door I asked â€Å"what's the problem mum? † she beckoned me into the room putting her finger to her lips as if to say be quiet. I sat on the bed next to her. She whispered to me â€Å"do you remember what day it is? † and as I said earlier it was my sisters birthday. Later on that day I was downstairs glaring aimlessly at the pointless cartoons that have plagued televisions for years now. My sister came downstairs and entered the front room where I was sat. I had already wished her happy birthday by this time and she exclaimed, â€Å"have you seen what I've got for my birthday? To be honest I didn't really care but I didn't know then that one of her presents would change how I look for the rest of my life! She began to announce what she had been given â€Å"I've got some new dolls, hairbrushes, clothes and roller-skates† I wasn't at all interested in any of this stuff but I had to be polite, so I juts answered back â€Å"oh very nice† This encounter was the only thing of importance for a few hours. The next thing of interest was my sister had been trying her roller-skates on. She had been rolling up and down on the carpeted landing. When she had finished she left her skates dumped at the top of the stairs. I didn't even notice as I was lost in a game of sonic the hedgehog on my megadrive. It was about one o'clock when my mum shouted me down for dinner. I was really hungry and began to run down the landing. On the left hand side there was a four-foot wall to part the stairs from the landing. As I was only and still am quite small I couldn't see over the top bounding around the corner of this I stomped down onto the first step, from the second my foot hit something solid I could tell there was a problem. My foot went from underneath me and my body began to bounce down the stairs. Every time I hit the stairs another bruise appeared on my pale skin. As I fell I could see the radiator running down the right hand side of the wall at the bottom of the stairs. I knew what was going to happen but I was powerless to stop it. My head came crashing into the edge of the protruding radiator, cutting a deep hole into my skull. The pain hit me like a sledgehammer, blood filled my eyes as I began to scream. I could hardly see, everything was red, all I could make out were shapes. I heard people around me but that was the last thing I could remember. Four hours later I awoke in hospital with a big bandage around my head. The doctor was talking to my parents as I opened my eyes. They both saw me sitting up and ran straight over to me. Both were wrapping their arms around me. I asked what had happened, they explained to me my head had to glued and it would most probably scar! All I could think about though was the smell of Kentucky fried chicken coming from the bed next to me!

Gravametric Quant Lab Report

Quantitative Analysis Gravimetric Determination of Iron as Fe2O3 Laboratory Experiment 2 February 19, 2013 Abstract: In the Gravimetric determination is the measurement of mass in two different forms precipitation and volatilization. In our experiment we will be using the precipitation form which isolates an ion in a solution by a precipitation reaction, filtering, purifying by wash method, conversion to product of known composition, and final weigh of the product comparing the mass difference of theorictal and actual. This method identified the weight percent of iron in an unknown sample.Three samples are taken to limit percent error. In the results of the three samples 1 had a percent of 10. 764 Fe (III), sample 2 had a percent of 11. 725 Fe (III), and sample 3 with a percent of 12. 216 Fe (III). The average sample percent was 11. 568 compared to given amount percent of 12. 90. In theory with a loss of 1. 332 this experiment was overall successful. Introduction: In this lab the pur pose was to use the gravimetric determination procedure to identify the weight percent of iron in an unknown sample. Three samples were collected and analyzed.Iron can be analyzed by precipitating the hydrated iron oxide from a basic solution. After the basic solution is hydrated the process is then followed by complete dehydration to give solid iron oxide. Methods and Materials: Needed in the experiment was; * Crucibles, Metal rings, Wire triangles, Burners, Funnels, Filter Paper, Beakers, Glass rod, Diluted ammonium hydroxide solution, Nitric acid solution, Silver nitrate solution, NH4NO3 solution, Distilled water. Below are some methods used in experiment. fig. 1 fig. 2 Experimental Procedure: This experiment was a multiple session lab.Obtain three crucibles and desiccator. Bring the three porcelain crucibles and caps to constant mass by heating to redness for 15 minutes over a burner, use fig. 1 for method reference. Place the heated crucibles in the desiccator to cool for appro ximately 30 minutes and weigh. This was left overnight and completed the second trial in the next session with successive weighing agreed within 0. 30mg. (Keep constant numbering with crucibles throughout experiment) We measured out 1. 5g of three samples of the unknown that was given to us. Each sample was dissolved in 10 mL of 3M HCl (with heating necessary). mL of 6 M HNO3 was obtained to filtrate, and boil for a few minutes to ensure that all iron is oxidized to Fe (III). The samples was diluted to 200mL with distilled water and add 3 M ammonia with constant stirring until the solution was basic (as determined with pH indicator paper). After solution becomes basic, digest the precipitate by boiling for 5 minutes and allow the precipitate to settle. We then decanted the supernatant liquid through coarse, ash less filter paper (Whatman 41 or Schleicher and Schuell Black Ribbon, as in fig. 2 -18 and 2 -19 in textbook. ). Keep liquid lower than 1 cm from the top of the funnel.Our pr ecipitate was first washed repeatedly with hot ammonium hydroxide solution, by miscommunication. Then washed with the corrected heated ammonium nitrate and left it to drain overnight until next session. We continued to wash supernatant until little or no Cl- is detected in filtered supernatant. Detect the Cl- by acidifying a few milliliters of filtrate with 1 mL of dilute HNO3 and adding a few drops of 0. 1 M AgNO3. If precipitate is observed, Cl- is present. After identifying that there was not any Cl- present we allowed the filter to drain overnight covered with ventilation.Carefully, the paper was lifted out of the funnel, folded (fig. 2), and transferred all dried substance to crucible and any substance that is not completely dry place into beaker and into the heater for half an hour. Those placed in beaker was then placed into the crucibles that were brought to constant mass. With the paper and substance in the crucible it was placed over a small flame with the lid off to start to char the filter paper. The flame temperature was then increased keeping the lid handy to smother the crucible of the paper flames.After the paper seems visibly charred ignite the product for full 15 minutes with full heat of the burner directed at the base of the crucible where oxidized iron is located. When the crucibles have briefly cooled in the air, we then placed them in the desiccator for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes of cooling in the desiccator weigh the crucible and the lid, reignite, and bring to constant mass with the repeated heating within a mass of 0. 3 mg. We are now complete with the experiment. Calculate the weight percent of iron in each sample, the average, the standard deviation, and the relative standard deviation for your data.Results: Crucible 1: 0. 231 g Fe2O3 ? 1 mol Fe2O3159. 487g ? 2 mol FeOOH1 mol Fe2O3? 55. 845 g1 mol = 0. 162g Fe0. 162 g1. 505 g? 100=10. 764% Crucible 2: 0. 252 g Fe2O3 ? 1 mol Fe2O3159. 487g ? 2 mol FeOOH1 mol Fe2O3? 55. 845 g1 m ol = 0. 176g Fe0. 176 g1. 501 g? 100=11. 725% Crucible 3: 0. 268 g Fe2O3 ? 1 mol Fe2O3159. 487g ? 2 mol FeOOH1 mol Fe2O3? 55. 845 g1 mol = 0. 183g Fe0. 183 g1. 502 g? 100=12. 216% *Refer to appendix for sample mass table and calculation equations | Crucible 1| Crucible 2| Crucible 3| Weight percent| 10. 764 %| 11. 725 %| 12. 216%|Average| 0. 250 g| Standard Deviation| 0. 019| Relative Deviation| 0. 015| Discussion: Since the obtained and expected results are not 100 percent match we can conclude that during the experiment we encountered a loss of product, with an average percent of 11. 57 and an obtained of 12. 90 percent. In the experiment the precipitate was washed repeatedly with given solution to filter out any Cl- at this time we notice that some of the precipitate had gone through the filter through the sides from solution being held to high causing an overflow on the sides of the filter.This was notice by the orange tint in the beaker of the filtered solution. In the experime nt scales were also changed due to overuse. That could cause some flux in the measurement changes by small degree. Another error or issue during the experiment a lids on our crucible broke having to replace it caused a changed in our final weigh being that in the beginning we weighed our crucibles with the lid. Remaining constant in the lab is a must this does cut back on experimental error such as using the same analytical balances and labeling all equipment and crucibles.In the Gravimetric determination is the measurement of mass in two different forms precipitation and volatilization. Some of the underlying principles and theories of gravimetric analysis are law of mass action, reversible reactions, and principle of solubility product and common ion effect. Conclusion: The gravimetric determination procedure determined that we had an average of 11. 568% of Fe in our unknown solution, given the amount of 12. 90% of Fe. We experienced a loss of approximately 1. 332 %. This loss cou ld be included in instrumental and human errors.References: Lewis, D. 2013. Quantitative Analysis Lab Journal. Gravimetric Determination of Iron as Fe2O3. Vol. 1: Pages 4 – 5. Franklin, J. 2013. Quantitative Analysis Lab Journal. Gravimetric Determination of Iron as Fe2O3. Vol. 1: Pages 7 – 11. Bb Learn. 2013. Quantitative Chemical Analysis. Gravimetric Determination of Iron Lab Handout. Harris, Daniel C. 8th edition. Quantitative Chemical Analysis Textbook. Appendix: Calculation equations: Mean : Mean = Sum of X values / N(Number of values) Standard Deviation: Relative Deviation: 100 ? sxCrucibles| Mass of the Beaker (empty) (g)| Mass of the Beaker & Unknown (g)| Mass of the Unknown Sample (g)| 1| 144. 181 g| 146. 686 g| 1. 505 g| 2| 159. 328 g| 160. 829 g| 1. 501 g| 3| 167. 480 g| 168. 982 g| 1. 502 g| * Above are the measurements of the unknown samples obtained Crucibles| Mass of Crucible (g)| Mass Crucible & final product (g)| Mass of final product (g)| 1| 31. 752 g| 31. 982 g| 0. 231 g| 2| 33. 820 g| 34. 072 g| 0. 252 g| 3| 40. 802 g| 40534 g| 0. 268 g| * Above are the measurements of Iron found in unknown sample

A Small Business Manager as A Leader

A Small Business Manager as A Leader Outline In the 21st century era, small and large, private and public businesses are all aiming towards economic growth. However, this growth has slowed following emergence of unprincipled leaders whose main aim has been satisfaction of individual needs as opposed to their employees and customers. With such unethical practices, it is obvious that a strong impact has been witnessed in economic growth, which boils down to declining capital investments and unemployment for small businesses. Emergence of economic uncertainty can be traced back to WorldCom and e-business sector failure (Luthans, Luthans, Hodgetts, it incorporates influence, involves attainment of a well labeled goal, and occurs in a group context. Hence, regardless of how leadership is operationalized, these aspects will undeniably play a contributing role in the utilized theory and definition of leadership. From a different perspective, Kouzes and Posner (2007) argue that management is understood from varying defi nitions. Conversely, this does not imply that both management and leadership roles cannot be held by one individual, but management is perceived to follow a definition quite different from leadership. Management definition incorporates supervisory, administrative, and executive direction of an organization or group. Therefore, management and leadership are perceived to share numerous similarities. For instance, going by the understanding of Gordon and Yukl (2004), both leadership and management are ways of impacting influence and collaborating with people for achievement of the overall goal. However, management and leadership fields can also be observed to be different. In Kotler’s leadership theory, leadership is an old concept that has been employed in business for many centuries. Management on the other hand is a concept that has been developed over the last 100 years as a result of industrial transformation. Kotler’s perspective is undeniably shared by many schol ars when it comes to understanding leadership and management. For instance, according to theorists Nanus poor leadership is inherent in many small businesses. Beaver (2003) and Perry (2001)7 affirms that one of the reasons for failure in much small business is simply because of poor leadership. Based on this understanding, Gordon and Yulk (2004) have mainly targeted their reteach in understanding important leadership skills that affect small scale environment. More than two decades ago, Beaver (2003) analyzed 200 small scale businesses that had recorded bankruptcy. From the study, it was clearly observed that the main reason behind failure of small business was management neglect, and lack of knowledge on leadership. Therefore, if these small businesses have to be successful, it is important to incorporate leadership styles. As Pellerin (2007) observes, the rate of failure in small businesses is high. This author observes that by the end of the third year, the rate of failure h its more than 62% in many small businesses. However, this study does not incorporate another burning issue: management incompetence. Scheers and Radipere (2007) add that within the first ten years of business operation, 90% of small business fail. These authors strongly agree that failure in these businesses is mainly caused by poor skills in management and leadership. As a result, for any economy to be successful, small business have to be competitive and productive (Beaver 2003)8. For any economic growth, the central role of small businesses can hardly be undermined. For these businesses, leadership and management skills should be understood as main steps towards increased returns. These skills are well incorporated in different theoretical perspectives. From various authors, leadership has been understood differently although there is a common agreement in these varying perspectives. Leadership has always been perceived to be a process through which one person is able to suppor t and aid others to accomplish common tasks. Through leadership, a way is created through which contribution is enhanced by ensuring that extraordinary things are implemented (Pellerin 2007). In addition, if these leaders have to be successful, they should importantly portray internal control locus. Charismatic leadership Charisma in leadership is highlighted and defined in numerous ways. It is however perceived to be an exemplary character that is natured in an individual person. According to Kouzes and Posner (2007)9, charismatic leadership is perceived as a behavioral inclination of leaders that result in development of exceptionally strong relationship between leaders and their followers. For these charismatic leaders, Robbins and Coutler (2003) has highlighted three exceptional leadership characteristics which are; expression of high confidence, strong convictions, and dominance in their beliefs. The same authors also add that these charismatic leaders should be able to dem onstrate optimism, determination and confidence, and collective ability of accomplishing mission and realizing the vision. These authors arguably add that these leaders are also required to engender trust as well as the ability to take personal risks to prove that their approach is indeed justified. Therefore, there is a high likelihood of charismatic leaders focusing to develop a clear and distinct group. Charismatic leadership has a high likelihood of being found in emerging and struggling small businesses than in stable and successful organizations. Emphasizing on the importance of this leadership, Kouzes and Posner (2007) have highlighted five important attributes that must be found in any leader to be categorized as charismatic. They are: (1) Articulation and vision; (2) Sensitivity to the needs of employees; (3) Personal risk taking; (4) Sensitivity to the business environment in which the business is operating; and (5) Execution of progressive behavior. Schermerhorn (2005) has summarized charismatic leaders as leaders or managers who are capable of sparking a sense of belonging towards the business. In addition, these leaders have been able to inspire their employees towards a direction in which organizational objectives and goals may be achieved (Schermerhorn 2005)10. Transformational leadership According to Pryor et al. (2007)11, transformational leaders are able to impact movement and change in their organization. Such leaders are able to seek ways of altering the prevailing structure while ensuring that people are continuously convinced to support new responsibilities and vision. For the excellent transformational leaders, power and authority is utilized as motivational and inspirational tools to the people they follow and trust. This leadership is hence able to provide energy producing characteristics through which new changes are likely to be generated in a business. Furthermore, these leaders are capable of motivating followers to transcend their individual interests for other combined purposes while at the same time ensuring that these followers are assisted to increasingly satisfy their individual needs. Pryor et al. (2007) have revealed inner transformational leadership characteristics in small business. These characteristics are highlighted to be inclusive of honesty, integrity, and personal values. These characteristics are positively influential to the leader’s behavior. For effective performance, a major ingredient is connection of transformational leadership with life experiences. This inner connection is combined with the resulting behaviors do develop external behaviors through which a business is transformed. For instance, a group vision is produced by a sense of personal involvement. Management models Conventionally, small businesses have been seen to have a low likelihood of utilizing strategic management models in comparison to large organizations based on a number of reasons. They are: (1) Sm all businesses are in most cases owned at the family level; (2) The leaders in small businesses are in most cases focused on daily operations thereby paying minimal-if any- attention to strategic management systems and management models; (3) Small businesses are mainly less endowed in financial resources that can comfortably be utilized in improving business performance through training; and (4) Competitors at their levels apply similar business approaches, without incorporation of any managerial models and implementation of systems through which improvement can be enhanced. Additionally, entrepreneurs involved in development of small business are hardly interested in development of procedures and processes. On the other side, large organizations obviously incorporate people with a clear understanding of management models by the time they have completed their studies in colleges. Moreover, these organizations have large amounts of finances that can resourcefully be allocated to tr aining. Large scale businesses compete with large business opponents that are competitively and strategically driven. Strategic management approach This approach was initially developed by Toombs, White, and Pryor (1998) with a perception that small scale business leaders or managers incorporate strategic management elements in their business. This ideal incorporates the SWOT analysis together with the vision, mission, objectives, goals, values, competitive advantage, critical success factors, measurement, and feedback. Various theorists strongly insist that strategic management is an important aspect for a small business targeting enhancement of quality initiatives. Numerous authors have mostly insisted that as a result of incorporating various business theories, models, standards, tools, strategies, surveys, and training, it becomes possible for small businesses to be improved. These theorists mainly insist on the need for integrating quality initiatives into the organizations strategic management (Pryor et al. 2007)12. As a way of creating additional emphasis on this point, Chemers (2002) explain that total quality management must be linked to the strategy of a business because most strategies incorporate goals. Chemers also adds that TQM must be guided by a senior team in management and project selection must be based on their importance when it comes to achieving success in a business. Robbins and Coulter (2003)13 supports the perception above. However, they argue that customer impact must be integrated with strategic management as a way of achieving the desired results. Model While strategic management theory is perceived to be a model that should be incorporated by business leaders for long term success and survival, this model hardly incorporates the 5P’s model that was established by Pryor (1998)14. The strategic management model and strategic direction establishment is perceived to be incorporated in one of the five rudiments that shou ld importantly be adopted to enhance a business success. For pneumonic purposes, this business approach has mainly been referred to as â€Å"Purpose.† The remaining elements are performance, people, processes, and principles. The 5P’s model is perceived to have some elements that are similar to those found in strategic management model that has earlier been examined. However, these elements have additional importance besides their individual importance. Moreover, their alignment is perceived to be equally important. Business leadership approaches Trait approach to leadership Trait approach is developed from â€Å"great man† model as an approach through which key characteristics can be identified for successful leaders. This approach is centered on the perception that through this approach, it is possible for leadership approaches to be isolated. Therefore, individuals possessing such traits can be selected, recruited, and installed into the positions of le adership. This theory has resulted in development of numerous traits. After numerous years characterized with continuous research, it is apparently hard to identify consistent traits. Although some traits have been found in various studies, these studies results have been inconclusive. It is possible for some leaders to possess certain traits. However, in case these traits are not present in an individual, this is not sufficient reason to disqualify such a person as a leader. In order to qualify an individual as effective leader, various traits should be processed. Nevertheless, there is a high likelihood of some traits to be more frequently observed than others. Some of the commonly observed traits in an effective leader are inclusive of friendliness, technical skills, task motivation, supportiveness to group tasks, emotional control, social skills, intelligence, and general charisma. Behavioral leadership The trait studies results were not conclusive. The inconclusiveness is b ased on the perception that it is hard to measure traits amongst other things. For instance, it is hard to measure such traits such as integrity, diligence, loyalty, and honesty. This inconclusiveness is what has challenged development of behavioral model. In this model, the focus is based on human relationships alongside performance and output. In McGregor’s theory Y and theory X managers, it is observed that an average individual is more likely to develop an inherent work dislike and will make all efforts possible to avoid working. In theory X, it is observed that this individual characteristic is highly likely to provoke the need for controlling, coercing, or even threatening individuals if they are to be encouraged to make efforts required for organizational goal achievement. Theory X is also based on the perception that an average individual highly prefers being directed as a way of avoiding responsibility. In theory Y, the managers believe that mental or physical effo rt expenditure is as natural as rest and play. In addition, the managers believe that employees are likely to exercise self-control and self-direction as a way of achieving the objectives that define their commitment. Moreover, the ability of exercising high level of ingenuity, imagination, and creativity in organization problem solution is widely (as opposed to being narrowly) disseminated in the people and human being potentials. From this theory, it is possible to conclude that theory X leader is more drawn towards an autocratic approach while theory Y leader is more drawn towards a participative style. In the managerial grid, developed through collaboration of Jane Mouton and Robert Blake, the focus has mainly been drawn to managers, employees (people), and task (production) orientation together with a combination of concerns between these two limits. Mouton and Brake model therefore suggest that team management, a major concern to production and employee, is the most effectiv e leadership approach. Situational or contingency leadership approach to business Even as behavioral model is likely to assist management in a business when it comes to development of a specific leadership behavior, little guidance is given in understanding the constituents of effective leadership in varying situations. Undeniably, most modern researchers conclusively agree that indeed there exists no one appropriate leadership style for every manager under all settings. Therefore, development of contingency models was aimed at indicating that the utilized style is dependent upon such aspects as the people, the situation, and business among other surrounding variables. In contingency approach, it is understood that there hardly exists one specific approach through which managers can be able to lead. As a result of situations, varying leadership requirements are likely to be created for a leader. For this leadership situation, the solution is dependent on the factors affecting th e situation. For instance, in a high routine environment characterized with repetitive tasks, a comparatively directive management approach it likely to yield best results. However, a more participative approach will be required in a dynamic environment. Building a successful business According to Howard (2006)15, business performance is perceived to be a multifaceted construct incorporating customer, operational, and financial oriented performance domains. The non-financial measures are inherent in Howard study. This performance measurement approach is incorporated as a result of limitation connected with small businesses financial data measurement. The satisfaction of the owners through performance of business is perceived to be one significant success indicators. Small business success is defined as performance level equal to or exceeding the firms owner expectations. The indicators that have mainly been employed in performance measurement are: profitability, annual earnings, and return on investments. Standards of a small business The small business standards have been developed by Chartered Quality Institute (CQI) (2007) in collaboration with the management consultants. This is a business model that is perceived to be important for managers targeting continuous growth in their business. Designing of the small business standards is aimed to be utilized in various investments that include small and medium size businesses, and micro businesses (CQI 2007). In the places where â€Å"management† term is utilized to imply micro business, it is likely to imply the â€Å"proprietor.† In the standard business model, there are nine main sections: (1) Customer care; (2) Business reviews; (3) Employees and staff; (4) management responsibility; (5) suppliers; (6) processes and work environment; (7) Correction and prevention of services complications; (8) Records; and (9) Documentation. While the standard is mainly perceived to be simplistic in com parison to the 5P’s model and Strategic management model, it incorporates numerous small business management key ingredients. Therefore for small businesses, it is likely to be a good starting point as the business moves towards management and improvement of its organization (CQI, 2007)16. In relation to the small businesses standards application, one British Standards Institute website has observed that it is possible for real business standards to be achieved by small scale businesses. If this approach is well utilized, it hence has a high likelihood of resulting in: (1) elimination of inefficiencies witnessed when it comes to allocation of already limited resources; (2) improvement of marketing speed and risk reduction; and (3) enhancement of an effective competition with bigger businesses (British Standards Institute 2007)17. From the general leadership perspective, it is apparent that indeed success or failure in results production will mainly depend on leadersâ€⠄¢ character. For these leaders to be viewed as effective, they have to be viewed as essential for the business success. However, the achievement of organizational success will not depend on adoption of similar leadership styles in all organizations. Nonetheless, these leaders will have an influential role on how the organizational goals are to be achieved by the employees in the organization. For this to be enhanced, small business leaders will require advanced understanding of the leadership styles to portray progress and development in achievement of organizational objectives and goals. With small business research, these leaders will be provided with understanding of leadership activities that are necessary for specific position if achievement of organizational objectives and goals is to be enhanced. These businesses will hence have to establish working environment for their business; this will be enhanced through leadership style. For organizational effectiveness, leadership wi ll obviously have an important role. If employee empowerment will not be fulfilled in these organizations, there will be a high likelihood of employee dissatisfaction that will undeniably divert from achievement of organizational objectives and goals. Therefore, if a healthy working environment has to be maintained in these businesses, leadership should play an integral role. Conclusion The theoretical underpinnings evaluated in this article clearly demonstrate need for robust leadership existence in any small business. The failure of these businesses is indeed due to failure to adopt the necessary and fundamental requisites of a successful organization; effective leadership and management skills. This essay is very relevant; for instance in the current economic conditions that desperately require an influential intervention. Leadership hence should be trailed towards ensuring employee satisfaction and effectiveness as a way through organizational success and profitability will be enhanced. Consequently, robust leadership will eventually affect the success and profitability of small business. The way through which this will be enhanced is through incorporation of leadership and management theories analyzed in this essay. These leadership and management hence need to be employee motivation towards adaptation of organizational vision and mission. References 1(Luthans, Luthans, Hodgetts, & Luthans 2001) 2(Shaw & Shapiro 2002) 3(Kouzes & Posner 2007) 4(Chemers, 2002) 5(Howard, 2006) 6(Kuratko, 2007) 7 Beaver (2003) and Perry (2001) 8(Beaver 2003) 9 Kouzes and Posner (2007) 10 Schermerhorn (2005) 11 Pryor et al. (2007) 12 White, and Pryor (1998) 13 Robbins and Coulter (2003) 14 established by Pryor (1998) 15 According to Howard (2006) 16(CQI, 2007) 17 (British Standards Institute 2007)